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Erdős problem 426

We say HH is a unique subgraph of GG if there is exactly one way to find HH as a subgraph (not necessarily induced) of GG. Is there a graph on nn vertices with 2(n2)n!\gg \frac{2^{\binom{n}{2}}}{n!} many distinct unique subgraphs?

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FormalConjectures/ErdosProblems/

426.lean

Retained formal statement1 of 2

We say HH is a unique subgraph of GG if there is exactly one way to find HH as a subgraph (not necessarily induced) of GG. Is there a graph on nn vertices with 2(n2)n!\gg \frac{2^{\binom{n}{2}}}{n!} many distinct unique subgraphs?

Bradač and Christoph [BrCh24] have proved the answer is no: if f(n)f(n) is the maximum number of unique subgraphs in a graph on nn vertices then f(n)=o(2(n2)n!).f(n) = o\left(\frac{2^{\binom{n}{2}}}{n!}\right).

The \gg below is read as: some constant c>0c>0 works for arbitrarily large nn. The negation of the proposition on the right is then exactly f(n)=o(2(n2)/n!)f(n) = o(2^{\binom{n}{2}}/n!), the form in which Bradač and Christoph [BrCh24] resolved the problem.

The linked file states the resolution in that negated form, as Tendsto fSeq atTop (nhds 0). It counts the isomorphism classes occurring as unique subgraphs, whereas uniqueSubgraphCount counts their representatives GHG\leq H; uniqueness forces exactly one representative per class, so the two counts agree.

FormalConjectures/ErdosProblems/426.leanErdos426.erdos_4261 lineExact file
False ↔ ∃ c, 0 < c ∧ ∃ᶠ (n : ℕ) in Filter.atTop, ∃ H, c * (2 ^ n.choose 2 / ↑n.factorial) ≤ ↑H.uniqueSubgraphCount
SolvedProof has a holelean4external proof

The proof uses `sorry`: part of the argument is written but not proved. Lean accepts the file; it does not accept the theorem.

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